Abstract #W272

# W272
Composting of dairy manure and grape vine prunings as a tool to reduce both industries’ environmental impact.
Mario E. de Haro-Marti*1, Mireille Chahine2, Ariel Agenbroad3, Tony McCammon2, 1University of Idaho, Gooding, ID, 2University of Idaho, Twin Falls, ID, 3University of Idaho, Caldwell, ID.

Composting of dairy manures is an acceptable and greatly used technique, but in most cases dairy manures don’t have the proper carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N) for composting without the loss of nitrogen as ammonia during the composting process. At the same time, the grape industry uses burning as the most widespread technique to dispose of carbon rich annual prunings. The objectives of this project were to demonstrate the effects of increasing the C:N content of dairy manures using grape vine prunings and to showcase 3 different composting techniques. Manure from an open lot dairy was mixed with ground grape vine prunings from an organic vineyard. The C:N ratios of the initial composting mix were adjusted to >40:1 to meet organic standards. Because grape prunings had a low C:N (79:1), sawdust from a horse stable was added to reach the desired C:N level. Three composting systems were showcased, mechanically turned windrows, passively aerated, and forced aerated. Three replications were built for each system. Control windrows consisted of 3 replications of mechanically turned windrows using only dairy manure and some straw to simulate regular dairy operations (C:N 23:1). A significant nitrogen loss reduction (4.33 kg/t, equivalent to an 85% reduction on total nitrogen loss) was observed in compost windrows with carbon-enhanced mixes (0.72 kg/t, P < 0.05) as compared with just dairy manure mix (5.03 kg/t, P < 0.05). Compounds’ concentrations (nutrients) that usually limit compost application rates (e.g., P, K, salts) were also reduced in the final product when grape prunings were added to the initial mix. The reduction in these components can allow an increase in field application rates of compost before reaching maximum concentrations of limiting nutrients. The project demonstrated the feasibility of using composting as a Best Management Practice to reduce or eliminate the annual burning of grape prunings, reducing carbon emissions from the grape industry. It also demonstrated the reduction in ammonia emissions that can be achieved by the dairy industry when mixing wastes rich in C:N.

Key Words: composting, manure, grapes