Spring calving, Angus cows were used to evaluate the repeatability of maintenance energy requirements (MR) during subsequent gestations, and the effects of MR on reproduction in cows and performance of calves. A total of 62 cows (5 to 11 yr of age, 150 ± 2 d of gestation) were individually fed a complete diet to meet MR (Model 1, NRC 1996) during 1 or more yr. Body weights were obtained twice weekly and daily feed intake was adjusted every 2 wk until constant BW was achieved for 30 d (regression analyses). Cows were classified by MR as low (L; < 0.5 SD less than yearly mean), moderate (M; ± 0.5 SD of mean) or high (H; > 0.5 SD more than mean). Cows (n = 26) were selected for repeatability analyses when MR was determined on 2 sequential years. The influence of MR on metabolic body weight, DMI, and pregnancy rate of cows and WW and ADG of calves was determined by ANOVA (PROC MIXED; SAS Inst. Inc.). Repeatability of individual cow MR in sequential years was determined using Pearson correlations with year in the model (PROC CORR; SAS). Pregnancy rate was analyzed by Chi-squared test (PROC FREQ; SAS). Mean MR of cows was 88.79 ± 0.89 kcal/kg BW ^0.75/d. Mean yearly difference between cows with the greatest and least MR was 26.9%. Year influenced MR of cows (P < 0.001) but cow age did not affect MR (P = 0.99). Maintenance energy requirement of cows was repeatable (r = 0.30, P = 0.02) between sequential years. Repeatability of MR was determined when cows were fed to maintain a constant body weigh rather than estimates of MR. Metabolic body weight at maintenance was greater in L cows (P = 0.01; 117.1 ± 1.1 kg^0.75) compared with H cows (111.8 ± 1.1 kg^0.75) and M cows tended to be intermediate (P < 0.09; 114.45 ± 1.1 kg^0.75). At maintenance, DMI was greater in H cows (P < 0.001) compared with M and L cows. Subsequent pregnancy rate of cows conceiving to AI was not influenced by MR (P = 0.11). Maintenance energy requirement of cows did not influence performance of calves before weaning (P = 0.92). Production efficiency of beef cows may be improved by identifying cows that require less energy input and maintain performance.