Abstract #M119

# M119
Forage quality of two different pasture systems incorporating warm and cool season forages for grazing organic dairy cattle.
Kathryn E. Ruh*1,2, Bradley J. Heins1,2, Jim C. Paulson3, 1West Central Research and Outreach Center, Morris, MN, 2University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 3University of Minnesota Extension, Rochester, MN.

Two pasture systems (cool and warm season grass species) with enhanced in-field and landscape level species diversity were analyzed for forage quality characteristics across the grazing season at the West Central Outreach and Research Center organic dairy in Morris, Minnesota, for 2 years. System 1 was a diverse-mixture of cool season grasses and legumes (perennial ryegrass, white clover, red clover, chicory, orchardgrass, meadow bromegrass, alfalfa, meadow fescue). System 2 was a combination of perennial polycultures and annual-warm season grasses (BMR sorghum-sudangrass and teff grass). Grazing of lactating cows was initiated when forages were 20–30 cm tall and strip size was adjusted to leave 7 to 13 cm of refusals. Random samples of pasture forage were sampled every other day when a group of cows moved to a new paddock. Pasture clippings were randomly collected in a 0.76-m2 square of pasture. Forage samples were sent to Rock River Laboratory, Inc., Watertown, WI and were analyzed with NIR spectrophotometry for DM, CP, and total-tract NDF digestibility (TTNDFD). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Independent variables for analyses were the fixed effects of system [cool (1) or cool-warm (2)], month (May to October), forage (grass pasture, turnips, BMR sorghum-sudangrass or teff), year (2013 or 2014) and their interactions, and date of harvest was a random variable. The DM averaged 20.7% and 21.2% for systems 1 and 2, respectively (P = 0.75). The CP was 21.2% and 18.3% for systems 1 and 2, respectively (P < 0.05). The CP for system 1 averaged 19.9% in 2013 and 22.5% in 2014 (P < 0.01). The CP for system 2 averaged 16.1% in 2013 and 20.4% in 2014 (P < 0.01). The TTNDFD averaged 69.9% and 53.1% for system 1 and system 2, respectively (P < 0.01). The TTNDFD was 78.1% in 2013 and 61.7% in 2014 for cool-season grasses, and 59.8% in 2013 and 46.4% in 2014 for warm season grasses (P < 0.0001). In summary, CP and TTNDFD were greater in cool-season pasture systems; however, DM did not differ between pasture systems. Yearly effects and weather may affect forage quality in both pasture production systems.

Key Words: teff, organic, grazing