As part of the larger Food Forward Sustainability Project, we have estimated the quantity of feed required to produce animal products and meet global consumer demands in 2050 under different production scenarios using population-based models (Table). The objectives of this study were 1) to determine how much crops and crop residues were available globally in 2010 in support of animal feed production and might be available in 2050 under reasonable estimates of increasing crop yields, 2) compare them to feed requirements, and 3) to evaluate the impact on land requirements for feed production. Data from USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service and FAO were utilized to estimate yields and utilization of major grain and oilseed crops. Proportions of crops used in feed, food, seed, and other uses were assumed to be the same in 2050 as in 2010. Crop residues were estimated from crop yields and represent the maximum potentially available feed, but do not account for use in bedding, soil amendment, etc. While production and utilization of grain, oilseed, and byproducts for feed in 2010 appears to be lower than feed requirements (Table), it is likely underestimated due to under-reporting of grain byproducts by FAO and neither data source fully accounting for secondary byproducts or animal protein byproducts. These results indicate that continued innovation supporting sustainable intensification in livestock and poultry agriculture and increasing crop yields can produce adequate amounts of food and feed in 2050 without increasing crop lands (Table). Also, increasing crop yields have the potential to provide more crop residues for feeding ruminant livestock that could increase the efficiency of feed use and reduce pressure on grazing lands (Table). Without innovation in animal and plant agriculture, 36 to 58% more land would be required in 2050 to produce food and feed. Table 1. Feed requirements and annual production (million metric tonnes as is, 85-90% dry matter)

	2010	2050 Continued innovation	2050 Frozen productivity
Feed requirements
Grain & byproducts	1,111	1,331	1,872
Oilseed & byproducts	320	396	557
Crop residues & forage	3,146	3,245	4,545
Feed production & utilization
Grains & by-products	878	1,403
Oilseeds & byproducts	261	367
Crop residues	2,075	2,905