Few studies have examined the effect of concentrate allocation strategy on the performance high yielding cows (approximately 40 kg/day). This 140-d study (commencing at calving) examined the effect of concentration allocation strategy: group fed (GF) or individual cow fed (ICF) on feed intake, milk production and composition, tissue changes, energy balance, health and fertility of Holstein Friesian dairy cows (n = 72). With GF, cows were offered a total mixed ration comprising grass silage and concentrates (50:50 DM ratio) plus 0.35 kg chopped straw/cow/day throughout the study. With ICF, cows were offered a basal ration consisting of grass silage, concentrates (6 kg/cow/day) and chopped straw (0.35 kg/cow/day), with this diet designed to meet the cows energy requirements for maintenance plus 24 kg milk/cow/day. With this treatment additional concentrates were offered ‘feed-to-yield’ via an out-of-parlor feeding system (0.45 kg concentrate/kg milk) based on each individual cow’s milk yield during the previous week. Production data were analyzed using a Residual Maximum Likelihood (REML) mixed model analysis; fertility and health data were analyzed using generalized linear model regression analysis with the logit link function, using GenStat Version 16.2. Total concentrate intakes were 1616 kg/cow and 1635 kg/cow for GC and ICF, respectively. Neither silage DM intake (P = 0.059) nor total DM intake (22.4(GF), 22.2(ICF) kgDM/day: P = 0.243) was affected by allocation strategy. Similarly, concentrate allocation strategy had no effect on milk yield (39.3 (GF), 38.0 (ICF) kg DM/day: P = 0.113), milk fat content (P = 0.819), milk protein content (P = 0.308), somatic cell score (P = 0.125), BCS loss to nadir (P = 0.521) or mean daily energy balance (P = 0.356). Concentrate allocation strategy has no effect on the numbers of cows with mastitis (P = 0.617), lameness (P = 0.144) or pneumonia (P = 0.451). Cows on the ICF treatment tended to have more abomasal disorders (P = 0.096), and an improved pregnancy rate to first and second service (P = 0.014). Offering concentrates according to milk yield had no effect on cow performance or health, while improving fertility performance.