Abstract #W171

# W171
Seeding rate affects performance of ball clover mixed with annual ryegrass in North Florida.
Hiran M. S. Silva*1, Jose C. B. Dubeux1, Ann Blount1, Cheryl Mackowiak1, Erick R. S. Santos1, Nicolas DiLorenzo1, Martin R. Moreno1, 1University of Florida, North Florida Research and Education Center (NFREC), Marianna, FL.

Legumes have the capacity to associate with rhizobia strains and fix atmospheric N2. Ball clover (Trifolium nigrescens Viv.) has reseeding ability and when planted in mixtures with annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) contributes to add N to the systems and to expand the grazing season. This experiment tested 3 seeding rates of ball clover (0.9, 1.8 and 2.7 kg ha−1) in a mixture with annual ryegrass compared with annual ryegrass in monoculture, fertilized (50 kg N ha−1) or not with N. Response variables included percentage of ball clover, dry matter yield (DMY) annual ryegrass, DMY ball clover, total DMY, percentage of plant N derived from atmosphere (%Ndfa) and N fixed contained in the shoot (Nfix). The study was performed in a complete randomized block design with 4 replicates. Ball clover proportion in the mixture increased (P = 0.02) from 32% (at 0.9 kg ha−1 seeding rate) to 47% (at 1.8 kg ha−1 seeding rate), with no significant differences (P > 0.05) observed between the 2 higher seeding rates (1.8 and 2.7 kg ha−1). Ball clover DMY increased linearly (P = 0.02) with increasing seeding rates, with DMY of 711, 1,117, and 1,165 kg ha−1 for 0.9, 1.8, and 2.7 kg ha−1 seeding rates, respectively. Annual ryegrass DMY (P < 0.0001) and total DMY (P = 0.0007) were greater in the N fertilized treatment (3,810 kg DM ha−1). Average %Ndfa was 95% for ball clover and there was no difference among treatments (P > 0.05). The Nfix showed linear increase with seeding rate (P = 0.02) with values ranging from 18 to 28 kg N ha−1. Treatments including seed rates of 1.8 and 2.7 kg ha−1 were similar in botanical composition, DMY ball clover, DMY ryegrass, total DMY, and Nfix. From the producer perspective, it is more economical to use 1.8 kg seeds of ball clover ha−1. Increasing seed rates of ball clover in annual ryegrass mixtures allowed greater legume contribution in the pasture, improving forage N without decreasing yield.

Key Words: botanical composition, legume, N-fixation