Our aim was to investigate circulating levels of the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in Holstein and Jersey breeds at different physiological states. A second objective was to study possible associations between circulating AMH in dam-daughter pairs. Mature cows and heifers were located in 2 commercial facilities in Central-California. Blood sample for AMH analysis was taken from Holstein (Mature cows = 141; pregnant Heifers = 408) and Jersey (Mature cows = 148; pregnant Heifers = 123) breeds and measured with the MofA-Global bovine fertility assay. Data was analyzed by the GLIMMIX and CORR procedures of SAS. Circulating AMH differed (P < 0.01) across cattle breeds (Holstein cows = 243.9 pg/mL; Holstein heifers = 237.8 pg/mL vs Jersey cows = 312.2 pg/mL; Jersey heifers = 334.4 pg/mL). Despite of cattle breed, circulating AMH seem to be increased in cows with greater days in milk (P = 0.01); but was not influenced by level of milk production in lactating cows (P = 0.92) or even parity number (P = 0.68). In virgin heifers, stage of pregnancy did not influence circulating AMH (P > 0.10) in both Holstein and Jersey breeds. Interestingly, there was a significant although somewhat low correlation of circulating AMH in dam-daughter pairs (Holsteins: n-pairs = 116, r = 0.18, P < 0.01; Jerseys: n-pairs = 106, r = 0.22, P < 0.01). In conclusion, AMH results are specific within major dairy breeds and some important nuisance variables may need to be taken into account when interpreting AMH results. The significant correlation between circulating AMH in dams and their respective daughters might allow for selection of this important heritable trait.