Abstract #399

# 399
Evaluation of pork and pork by-products in raw meat diets for African wildcats.
Cayla J. Iske*1, Cheryl L. Morris1,2, Kelly Kappen2, 1Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 2Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium, Omaha, NE.

Primarily, only 2 protein sources (beef or horse) are commercially used for raw meat diets fed to carnivores managed in zoos. An additional protein source such as pork has potential to mitigate some gastrointestinal issues and provide dietary variety. Concerns with high levels of microbial populations in raw meat diets and possible zoonoses also have been expressed. The objectives of this study were to determine if a pork-based diet had similar apparent total-tract macronutrient digestibility and fecal scores in African wildcats as standard zoological carnivore diets formulated with either horse or beef and to characterize the microbial counts among the diets. Four African wildcats were used (2 males, 2 females) in a randomized crossover design consisting of 4 raw meat diets: horse (H), beef (B), beef/horse blend (HB), and pork (P) all fed isocalorically to maintain body weight. Data were analyzed using the Mixed models procedure of SAS. All diets were highly digestible, especially for fat where digestibiltiy values ranged from 98.58 (H) to 99.73% (HB) and were not different. Digestibility of OM was higher (P < 0.05) when cats consumed HB (97.15%) compared with P (93.10%). Crude protein digestibility was highest (P < 0.05) for HB (98.08%) and lowest for B (93.44%). Fecal scores (1 = hard, dry feces to 5 = liquid/watery feces) were higher (P < 0.05) for cats fed B (2.63) compared with cats fed H (1.55) or P (1.91). Microbial counts varied and included E. Coli ranging from 110 to 10,000 cfu/g for HB and B diets, respectively; total coliforms from 150 to 28,000 cfu/g for HB and B diets, respectively; yeast from 20 to 4,000 cfu/g for P and HB, respectively; mold counts were not detectable for all diets except B that contained 10 cfu/g and aerobic plate counts ranged from 23,000 to 26,000,000 cfu/g for H and HB diets, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus was not detected in any of the diets. Salmonella was presumptive positive in the P and HB diets; however,these values were not enumerated or quantified for specific strains. In conclusion, a pork-based diet can be utilized by exotic small cats and included among dietary options for felid management. Raw meat diets do contain variable levels of microbes and should be handled and managed appropriately.

Key Words: raw meat diet, cat, exotic animal