The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic-quantitative relationships between the beef fatty acid profile with carcass and meat traits and meat in Nellore cattle. Data from 1616 Nellore bulls finished in feedlot (90 d), aged around 2 years old were used. Samples were taken from the Longissimus thoracis muscle in the region of the 12th to 13th ribs of the left half-carcasses 48 h after slaughter. The backfat thickness (BF) was measured using a caliper. The percentage of lipids (LIP) was determined by the Bligh and Dyer method. The fatty acid profile was quantified using SP-2560 capillary column (100 m × 0.25 mm diameter with 0.02 mm thickness, Supelco, Bellefonte, PA). After quality control for genotypes, a total of 470,007 SNPs from 1,556 samples remained. The (co)variances and genetic parameters were estimated using the restricted maximum likelihood method, considering an animal model (ssGBLUP). The heritability estimates for fatty acids were from low to high, ranging from 0.06 to 0.65 for saturated fatty acids, from 0.07 to 0.14 for the monounsaturated fatty acids and 0.05 to 0.62 for polyunsaturated fatty acids. Carcass and meat traits showed low to moderate heritability estimates, ranging from 0.06 (SF) to 0.17 (EGS). Estimates of genetic correlation between BF with (C14:0), (C18:0), (C18:1n-9 cis), (C18:2n-6 cis), (C18:3n-3), CLA cis-9,trans-11 and CLA cis-10,trans-12 were low to moderate, being 0.38, −0.15, −0.44, 0.18, −0.22, 0.19 and −0.10, respectively. The estimates of genetic correlations between SF with previous fatty acids were low to moderate (0.16, 0.04, 0.04, 0.02, −0.40, 0.35 and 0.60). Estimated genetic correlations between the LIP with C14:0, C18:0, C18:1n-9 cis, C18:2n-6 cis, C18:3n-3, CLA cis-9,trans-11 and CLA cis-10,trans-12 were low to high, being 0.75, 0 70, −0.02, −0.93, −0.62, −0.04 and −0.60, respectively. It is expected that selection for increasing the concentration of mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids by direct selection for carcass and meat traits is less likely to occur.