Infection with gram-negative bacteria is a major cause of aberrant inflammation in the oviduct; consequences can include tubal infertility and/or ectopic pregnancy. Understanding inflammatory responses due to bacterial infection is necessary for the development of novel treatment options that specifically target inflammatory responses. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that intraperitoneal (IP) administration of E. coli-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces the expression of inflammatory mRNAs in the mouse oviduct. On the day of estrus, 6–8 week old CD1 mice (n = 4/treatment) were treated IP with 0 (control), 2 μg (low dose) or 10 μg (high dose) of LPS from E. coli serotype 055:B5 in 100 μL of PBS. Mice were killed 24 h later and the oviducts collected for determination of inflammatory gene expression by a targeted nanostring approach using the nCounter GX Mouse Inflammation Kit (Nanostring Technologies, Seattle, WA). Real-time PCR was used to validate selected mRNAs. The effect of LPS was evaluated by one-way ANOVA and treatment means of differentially expressed mRNA (P < 0.05) were separated using a post-hoc LSD test. In total, 56/179 targeted genes were affected by treatment (P < 0.05). Pairwise comparison revealed 8 mRNA differentially expressed in control vs. low dose, 50 mRNAs in control vs. high dose and 43 mRNAs in low vs. high dose (P < 0.05). These results indicate that systemic treatment with LPS induces inflammation in the oviducts of mice; this study provides evidence of a new model to investigate the regulation of oviductal inflammation in the future.