The objectives of this study were to describe housing and management practices that may affect dairy cow welfare on US dairy operations, and to compare dairy cow housing and management practices on organic (ORG) and non-organic (NORG) dairy operations. This study was conducted as part of the National Animal Health Monitoring System’s Dairy 2014 study, which included data from dairy operations in 17 states. Data on housing and management practices were collected on 1,261 dairy operations via in-person interviews. A total of 7.4% of operations were certified organic. Freestall barns were the primary housing type for lactating cows on 39.0% of operations, while tie-stall or stanchion barns were used on 38.2%. The primary bedding material used in operations with freestall barns were sand (44.0%), sawdust (19.0%), and straw (14.2%). Operations with tie-stall or stanchion barns primarily used straw for bedding (46.4%) or saw dust (25.3%). For organic operations, the predominant flooring types for cows not being milked were concrete (45.0%), pasture (31.1%), and rubber mats over concrete (14.9%). In comparison, the predominant flooring types used on NORG operations were concrete (62.2%) and rubber mats over concrete (21.8%). Fans for cooling dairy cows were used on 59.6% of ORG operations and 77.0% of NORG operations. Sprinklers/misters were used on 12.1% of ORG and 26.3% of NORG operations. A total of 59.8% of operations provided personnel with training in milking procedures, 56.0% in animal handling, 33.4% in management of nonambulatory cattle, 29.8% in surgical procedures, and 20% in euthanasia. In total, 5.6% of dairy cows died during 2013, of which 40.6% were euthanized. While a smaller percentage of ORG operations used concrete as the primary flooring for dairy cows, more NORG operations provided heat abatement, suggesting that there is room to improve cow welfare on both types of operations. This finding is also evidenced by the percentage of dairies that do not train personnel in animal handling, surgical procedures, management of nonambulatory cattle, and euthanasia techniques, all of which may affect dairy cow welfare.