Lameness remains a major health problem and cause of death, in dairy cows. The negative effects of the transition period may make cows prone to become lame. Positive effects of supplementation of organic trace minerals (AAC) on hoof health have been reported. A hoof biopsy method to study the transcriptome of corium tissue has been published (Osorio et al., J. Dairy Sci. 95:6388–6396). Objective was to evaluate corium mRNA expression of genes related to claw conformation, oxidative stress, chemotaxis, inflammation, and transcription regulation in peripartal cows supplemented with AAC or inorganic (INO) trace minerals. Twenty Holstein dairy cows received a common prepartal (1.5 Mcal/kg DM, 15% CP) and postpartal (1.76 Mcal/kg DM, 18% CP) diet. Both diets were partially supplemented with an INO mix of Zn, Mn, and Cu to supply 35, 45, and 6 ppm, respectively, of the total diet DM. Cows were assigned to treatments in a randomized complete block design, receiving an oral bolus daily with a mix of INO (n = 10) or AAC (n = 9) containing Zn, Mn, Cu, and Co to achieve 75, 65, 11, and 1 ppm, respectively, in total diet DM. Treatments began on −30 d and continued until 30 d postpartum. Inorganic trace minerals were provided in sulfate form and AAC were supplied via Availa Zn, Availa Mn, Availa Cu, and CoPro (Zinpro Corp., Eden Prairie, MN). Hoof biopsies were harvested at 30 d postpartum from the sole of the rear right lateral claw in the right rear limb. Data on 31 genes were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Expression of keratin 5 (KRT5) was lower (P < 0.01) and biotinidase (BTD) was greater (P < 0.01) in AAC cows, suggesting that AAC cows had a lower requirement of keratins for hoof tissue repair, while having additional biotin for claw conformation. In contrast, a concomitantly greater (P < 0.06) expression of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interleukin 1 β (IL1B) in INO cows suggested a greater inflammatory status in hoof tissue. Overall, data suggest that peripartal AAC supplementation ameliorates the negative effect of transition period on hoof health.