The National Animal Health Monitoring System′s Dairy 2014 study collected information regarding off-site rearing of dairy heifer calves. Data for the study were collected via face-to-face interviews on operations in the top 17 dairy states. An objective of the study was to describe the use of off-site heifer-rearing facilities by US dairy operations. Size categories were created based on adult cow populations: small (30–99 cows), medium (100–499 cows), and large (500 or more cows). The percentage of operations that had their heifers raised off-site increased as herd size increased: 5.5% of small, 11.9% of medium, and 44.2% of large operations. Overall 11.7% of operations raised heifers off-site. The majority of small and medium operations (84.9% and 59.0% percent, respectively) sent weaned and non-pregnant heifers to off-site rearing facilities at an average age of 255.4 and 164.7 d, respectively. The majority of large operations (62.8%) sent heifers to off-site facilities as preweaned heifers at an average age of 6.8 d. About a quarter of operations that sent the majority of calves off-site as preweaned heifers (26.6%), provided waste milk to the off-site rearing operation. Additionally, 2-thirds of the rearing facilities (66.8%) fed pasteurized waste milk. More than 4-fifths of operations (84.6%) used off-site rearing facilities within 50 miles of the dairy operation. Approximately 50% of operations in each size category and 53.8% of all operations sent heifers to a single facility where heifers had contact with cattle from other operations. Additionally, 10.6% of operations sent heifers to multiple facilities where they had contact with cattle from other operations. Most operations (69.6%) brought back pregnant heifers at an average age of 21.5 mo. Off-site heifer rearing is an important component of the US dairy industry; however, off-site rearing increases the potential for disease exposure and spread. The development of biosecurity/biocontainment plans based on specific risks associated with stress from shipping and exposure of dairy heifers to cattle from other operations at off-site facilities should reduce disease transmission.