Recently, it has been suggested that concentration of calvings in a centralized facility (FAC) may allow specialization of the drying, transition and freshening period. However, that requires the transportation of fresh cows to the host farm after calving. The objective of this study was to evaluate if transportation after calving affects milk production and reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows. A data set of 762 dairy cows from a commercial farm in Spain was used. After drying, 519 cows were transported from host farm to FAC (~80 km). The other 243 cows were at FAC, and they were not transported. Dry and production diets were identical in both farms. Milk production of previous (L-1; with no transportation) and current (L0; after transportation) lactation was recorded. Days open and current milk production were the dependent variables in the analysis, and previous milk production was used as co-variable. Transportation of cows after calving, from FAC back to the host farm, had greater 305-mature milk production when compared with cows that remained at FAC all the time (11,925 kg vs. 10,708 kg; P < 0.001). Transportation had no effect (P > 0.20) on days open (121 vs. 132). In a second analysis, the effect of DIM at time of transportation from FAC to the host farm on productive and reproductive performance was evaluated. The 519 transported cows were divided into 2 groups: 1) cows transported from FAC back to host farm at less than 8 DIM (n = 149); and 2) cows transported from FAC back to host farm at more than 7 DIM (n = 370). Cows transported earlier had greater 305-mature milk production (12,400 vs. 11,442 kg; P < 0.01) but had more days open (163 vs. 112 d; P < 0.01). Transporting dairy cows after calving does not negatively affect productive and reproductive performance. Transporting dairy cows at less than 8 DIM had positive effects on production but increased days open.