Androstenone is the most abundant steroid produced in boar testis and share a precursor (pregnenolone) with testosterone, the principal male sex hormone needed for sperm production in the testis and its maturation on the epididymis. Androstenone is a pheromone of non-castrate males present in urine, sweat, saliva, and fatty tissues responsible for boar taint, which includes unpleasant odor and meat flavor. The objective of this study was to understand the differences in the transcriptome between high (greater than 1.0 µg/g) and low (less than 0.5 µg/g) androstenone boars. Testis mRNA from 10 Duroc crossbred boars was profiled. Single-end reads were mapped to the Sus scrofa reference genome (UCSC susScr3) using Tophat v2.012. In total, 4,969 transcripts from 4,744 genes were tested and 69 transcripts from 72 genes were differentially expressed between the high and low androstenone groups using Cufflink v2.2.1 (False Discovery Rate adjusted P-value <0.05). Among these, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR), cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A polypeptide 1 (CYP19A1), and sulfotransferase family cytosolic 2A dehydroepiandrosterone-preferring member 1 (SULT2A1) were overexpressed, while macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO) and anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type II (AMHR2) were underexpressed in the high relative to low androstenone groups. CYP19A1 encodes enzymes that participate in the synthesis of cholesterol, steroids, and other lipids and STAR encodes a protein critical in steroid hormone synthesis by enhancing the metabolism of cholesterol into pregnenolone the precursor of testosterone and androstenone. The overexpression of SULT2A1 in high relative to low androstenone groups is consistent with the role of this enzyme in the sulfo-conjugating of androstenone. Functional analysis of the differentially expressed genes using DAVID identified 2 category clusters (enrichment score >2) that include hormone metabolism biological processes and regulation, steroid and lipid biosynthetic and metabolism. These functional categories suggest that practices to reduce androstenone should aim to minimize transcriptome changes that can negatively impact testosterone and boar fertility.