Abstract #M285

# M285
Growth and behavior of group-fed dairy calves fed once or twice daily in an organic production system.
Myrrh-Anna J. Kienitz*1, Bradley J. Heins1, Hugh Chester-Jones2, 1University of Minnesota, West Central Research and Outreach Center, Morris, MN, 2University of Minnesota, Southern Research and Outreach Center, Waseca, MN.

Heifer calves (n = 102) were used to evaluate the effect of once or twice daily feeding on growth and behavior of calves in an organic group management system. Calves were assigned to replicate feeding groups of 10 in super hutches by birth order, during 2 seasons from September to December 2013 and March to May 2014 at the University of Minnesota West Central Research and Outreach Center, Morris. Calves in groups were the experimental unit. Breed groups of calves were: Holsteins (HO; n = 26), crossbreds (n = 45) including combinations HO, Montbéliarde, and Viking Red selected for high production, and crossbreds (n = 31) including combinations of HO, Jersey, Normande, and Viking Red selected for robustness. Treatment groups were 1) once daily feeding (1×) or 2) twice daily feeding (2×). Calf groups were fed 6 L per calf/daily (2×, 3 L/feeding) of 13% total solids organic milk then weaned at 60 d when the group consumption averaged 0.91 kg starter/calf daily. Body weight and hip height were recorded at birth, once/wk, at weaning, and at 90 d of age. Hobo Pendant G loggers were applied to the right rear leg of calves to measure total lying and standing time. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS. Independent variables for analyses were the fixed effects of birth weight (co-variable), season of birth, treatment group, along with replicate as a random effect. Weaning group performance was gain per day, 1× (0.79 kg) and 2× (0.81 kg; P = 0.33); weaning weight, 1× (92.7 kg) and 2× (93.3 kg; P = 0.80); and weaning hip height, 1× (95.2 cm), and 2× (95.3 cm; P = 0.94). Daily gain to 90 d were 0.85 vs. 0.85 kg, and daily gain to 120 d were 0.85 vs. 0.83 kg for 1× and 2× calves, respectively (P = 0.62). For lying time, 1× (988 min/d) and 2× (995 min/d) were not different (P = 0.57) from each other. During the evening hours, the 2× calves had lower (P < 0.01) lying times (34 min/h for 1×; 28 min/h for 2×) per h because they were fed at 6pm every evening. In summary, group-fed calves fed once per day in an organic production had similar average daily gains and body dimensions compared with calves fed twice per day.

Key Words: organic, calf growth, crossbreeding