Abstract #W502

# W502
Urushiol is not detected in blood or milk of Saanen dairy goats fed poison oak.
Massimo Bionaz*1, Claudia Ingham1, Jennifer Belveal1, Kristine Gomez1, Mark Keller1, 1Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR.

Urushiol, the allergen present in Toxicodendron diversilobum (western poison oak), is responsible for contact dermatitis. More than 70% of adults have a reaction to urushiol, making this an important problem in the Northwest of US. Many anecdotal stories exist about desensitization to poison oak contact dermatitis acquired by drinking milk from goats fed poison oak. This has not been experimentally tested. In a previous study (Kouakou et al., 1992), urushiol was not detected in milk of goats fed 100% poison oak. To produce preliminary data for a large clinical trial, we have performed a pilot study in which 2 lactating Saanen goats were fed poison oak for 2 weeks. The experiment was carried out in the first 2 weeks of October 2014. The goats were at 80 d of lactation, weighed 70 ± 2 kg, produced 3 ± 0.7 kg/milk per day, and both were nursing triplets. The goats were kept in individual pens and fed twice a day with approx. 10% dry matter of fresh poison oak. Samples were obtained from each collection of poison oak. Feces, milk, and blood samples were collected at −1, 7, and 14 d after starting the experiment. Samples were spiked in with 2-dodecylphenol as internal standard and urushiol was extracted using 100% methanol. The extracted samples were purified using C-18 Solid phase Extraction columns before being injected into a Flexar HPLC (Perkin Elmer) equipped with a 5µm C18 HPLC column (Phenomenex). We were able to detect all 4 major congeners composing urushiol in the poison oak. We measured > 6 mg urushiol/g of fresh poison oak leaves (>14.0 mg/g of dry matter). Feces also contained urushiol (>1 mg urushiol/g of dry matter). We did not observe any urushiol in whole blood, plasma, or milk. The heptadecatrienylcatechol, the congener with the highest unsaturation and also the most irritant, was > 70% of the total extracted urushiol both in poison oak and feces. Our data confirmed the absence of detectable urushiol in milk; thus, milk from goats fed poison oak is safe to be consumed and handled by urushiol-sensitive people. Lack or minimal intestinal absorption and/or an extreme high clearance by the liver are inferred based on the absence of urushiol in blood.

Key Words: dairy goat, poison oak, milk